ECON 213 Quiz 6 Liberty University

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Question 1 Refer to the accompanying figure, which shows the market for fish, to answer the questions that follow. If the government sets a quota of 300 pounds of fish caught per day, then fish will sell for __________ more per pound than the cost of catching the fish.

Question 2 The tragedy of the commons occurs because the good being produced is:

Question 3 The government has identified a situation where the production of a good is creating a negative externality. The government should enact legislation to require firms to internalize the externality:

Question 4 Which of the following characteristics best defines a public good?

Question 5 The market works efficiently in the absence of externalities if the good is:

Question 6 Visiting the public beach during summer is an example of an activity that is:

Question 7 Copyright laws exist to:

Question 8 The market overproduces common­resource goods because private decision­makers consider __________ costs but society experiences __________ costs.

Question 9 Which of the following characteristics best defines a private good?

Question 10 Your neighbor is an avid gardener who changes his flower displays four times per year and who was given the “best yard on the block” award last year. While you personally enjoy these changing flower displays, some of your neighbors have said they do not like some of the flowers your neighbor chooses to plant. For you, this is an example of:

Question 11 The ability to download music and movies from the Internet without paying is:

Question 12 Consider the following scenario when answering the questions that follow: Jones owns a factory that is dumping toxic waste into a river where Smith owns a resort. At present, Jones is not filtering the water that he dumps into the river. There is a filter he could install that would remove a significant amount of the toxic elements from the water before it is dumped in the river. Jones and Smith have each assessed the situation and come up with the following data: If property rights over the river are assigned to Jones, then:

Question 13 Refer to the accompanying figure. When a negative externality exists and the government does not intervene, which point best identifies the market equilibrium?

Question 14 It is best to reduce the level of pollution:

Question 15 To reduce the level of pollution emitted by firms in an industry, the government could use a cap­and­trade policy or a carbon tax. Which of the following is true?

Question 16 Which rule would not protect fish populations?

Question 17 The costs of a market activity paid for by an individual NOT engaged in the market activity are:

Question 18 The city decides to offer a subsidy to each homeowner’s association that plants more flowers in their common areas. In the market for flowers, this will cause the:

Question 19 Which good has well­defined property rights?

Question 20 If the government decides to adopt a carbon tax, the price of goods whose production generates carbon emissions will __________ and the quantity produced will __________.

Version 2

Question 1 Refer to the following scenario to answer the questions that follow. Five fishermen live in a village and have no other employment or income­earning possibilities besides fishing. They each own a boat that is suitable for fishing but does not have any resale value. Fish are worth $5 per pound, and the marginal cost of operating the boat is $500 per month. They all fish a river next to the village. According to the following schedule, they have determined that, when there are more of them out on the river fishing, they each catch fewer fish per month. If four boats operate, then each boat will make a profit of:

Question 2 Refer to the accompanying figure, which shows the market for fish, to answer the questions that follow. If the government sets a quota of 300 pounds of fish caught per day and issues a license that entitles the holder to catch 20 pounds of fish per day, then the value of the license is:

Question 3 If government regulation forces firms in an industry to internalize the externality, then the:

Question 4 Consider the following scenario when answering the questions that follow: Jones owns a factory that is dumping toxic waste into a river where Smith owns a resort. At present, Jones is not filtering the water that he dumps into the river. There is a filter he could install that would remove a significant amount of the toxic elements from the water before it is dumped in the river. Jones and Smith have each assessed the situation and come up with the following data: If property rights over the river are assigned to Jones, then:

Question 5 Refer to the accompanying figure, which shows the market for fish, to answer the questions that follow. If the government sets a quota of 300 pounds of fish caught per day, then fish will sell for __________ more per pound than the cost of catching the fish.

Question 6 Copyright laws exist to:

Question 7 A good that is nonrival and excludable is defined as a:

Question 8 Which of the following is the best definition of a cap­and­trade policy for pollution?

Question 9 __________ can be jointly consumed by more than one person, and nonpayers are difficult to exclude.

Question 10 Refer to the following scenario to answer the questions that follow. Five fishermen live in a village and have no other employment or income­earning possibilities besides fishing. They each own a boat that is suitable for fishing but does not have any resale value. Fish are worth $5 per pound, and the marginal cost of operating the boat is $500 per month. They all fish a river next to the village. According to the following schedule, they have determined that, when there are more of them out on the river fishing, they each catch fewer fish per month. How many fishermen will choose to operate their boats?

Question 11 For a market to work efficiently:

Question 12 A major reason why public goods are not supplied by the market is the:

Question 13 Which of the following is true?

Question 14 The ability to download music and movies from the Internet without paying is:

Question 15 Externalities exist because:

Question 16 Refer to the accompanying figure. When a negative externality exists and the government does not intervene, which point best identifies the market equilibrium?

Question 17 Refer to the accompanying figure to answer the questions that follow. At the market equilibrium, price is equal to __________ units of the good are produced.

Question 18 Two policy options for reducing emissions are cap­and­trade and the carbon tax. Which of the following is true?

Question 19 The personal decisions of consumers and firms are based on:

Question 20 Which of the following is the best example of a common­resource good?

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According to expectancy theory, an unwanted reward has:

The main implication of the four­drive theory of motivation is that

ABC Corp. brought in a performance­based reward system that accurately identified employees who performed better than others. This practice improves employee motivation by

With respect to procedural justice, the "value­expressive" function that "voice" provides refers to the

In expectancy theory, valence refers to the

When people are assigned to jobs for which they are qualified and they receive coaching to improve their self­confidence, employee motivation improves by

Employees who receive a fixed amount of pay each week and who feel underrewarded are most likely to

Which of the following theories suggests that employee motivation is influenced by what other people contribute to and receive from the organization?

Which of the following does the expectancy theory explain about employees

Which of the following components are enhanced by individualizing rewards

Which of the following is applied by supervisors when they stop criticizing employees whose substandard performance has improved

The best reinforcement schedule for motivating employees is a(n) .

Which of the following are "golden handcuffs" that potentially increase continuance commitment?

Which of the following reward systems uses job evaluations

A large retail organization previously divided work among its four employee benefits staff into distinct specializations. One person answered all questions about superannuation (pension plans), another answered all questions about various forms of paid time off (e.g. vacations), and so on. These jobs were recently restructured so that each employee benefits person answers all questions for people in a particular geographic area. For example, one staff member is responsible for all employee benefits inquiries from anyone in a particular geographic region. This job restructuring is an example of

A high degree of autonomy, task identity, and task significance are important conditions for

When applied to non­management employees, which of the following has a weak connection between the reward and individual effort

Which of the following does scientific management include

The problem with membership and seniority­based rewards is that they

Which of these job design actions is a form of job enlargement

Which of the following are included under constructive thought patterns in self­ leadership?

A unique feature of Herzberg's motivator­hygiene theory is that it

Which core job characteristic(s) affect(s) experienced responsibility for work outcomes?

Which of the following is an advantage of job specialization

Before meeting a new client, a salesperson visualizes the experience of meeting the person and effectively answering some of the challenging questions the client might ask. This activity is an example of:

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(blank) is the tendency to experience stronger negative emotions when losing something of value than the positive emotions experienced when gaining something of equal value.

Which of the following decision­making activities tends to make the most use of tacit knowledge?

Which of the following is true at the highest level of employee involvement

The rational decision making model begins with

Employees should not make the decision alone (without the manager's involvement) when

The purely rational model of decision making is rarely practiced in reality because it

Perceptual defense causes us to

Availability heuristic refers to the tendency

Satisficing refers to:

A marketing specialist needed to find a new way of marketing the company's main product to its potential clients. While watching a movie one evening, the marketing specialist saw a scene that gave her inspiration for a new marketing plan. According to the creative process model, which of the following is the next stage in the creative process after such an inspiration?

A nonprogrammed decision is applicable in any

A higher level of employee involvement is preferable when

Which of the following is the lowest level of employee involvement

What effect do mental models have on the decision-making process?

The first stage of the creative process is

The insight stage in the creative process

(blank) is a conscious process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs

Intuition relies on programmed decision routines that speed up our response to pattern matches or mismatches. These programmed decision routines are referred to as

Escalation of commitment can be minimized by ensuring that

Decision makers tend to rely on their implicit favorite when they

One school of management thought states that organizational decisions and actions are influenced mainly by what attracts management's attention, rather than by the objective reality of the external or internal environment. Which of the following practices is closely associated with this argument?

What do impromptu storytelling, morphological analysis, and artwork have in common

Which of the following is an observation from organizational behavior that contradicts the rational choice paradigm assumptions

The concept of bounded rationality holds that

Which of these is also referred to as participative management

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High­cohesion teams perform poorer than low­cohesion teams when

Which of the following are two features that distinguish virtual teams from conventional teams

Liam works in a team of four other accounting professionals within a company. Liam doesn't particularly agree with many of his teammates' ideas, such as leaving work early and failing to double­check some account entries. However, he works comfortably with the group because their behavior and decisions are predictable. What foundation of trust does Liam have in this team?

A diverse team is better than a homogeneous team

Identify the task­related characteristics in the ‘five C's' of effective member behaviors

Teams with strong fault lines

Which of the following are described as virtual teams

The main advantage of constructive conflict is that it

A task force refers to any

Which of the following is true about calculus­based trust

Fellow team members often monitor performance more closely than a traditional supervisor. This is particularly true where the team's performance depends on

Self­directed teams

According to the communication process model

The organizational grapevine is useful because it

Which of the following represents the first step in the communication model

In organizational communication, "flaming" generally refers to

The capacity of a communication medium to transmit information is referred to as

Which of the following is an advantage of using e­mail communication

Which of the following communication channels has the lowest media richness

In the communication process, filtering occurs when

Which of the following communication channels has the highest media richness

Which of the following is a key element in emotional contagion

In Alphatech Systems, an e­mail software screens incoming messages by organizing them into mailboxes and identifying junk mail. As a result, employees in this company can quickly identify the most important e­mail messages, and overlook the junk mail. This e­mail feature improves communication by

Which of the following is an advantage associated with using written communication channels in persuading people

Which of the following represents the first three steps in the communication model in the correct order

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Which of the following statements about power is true

(blank) involves calling upon higher authority or expertise, or symbolically relying on these sources to support the influencer's position

The effectiveness of as an influence tactic depends on characteristics of the powerholder, message content, communication medium, and the audience

Which of the following sources of power originates from the powerholder's own characteristics

(blank) occurs when people or work units oppose the behavior desired by the influencer and consequently refuse, argue, or delay engaging in the behavior

A supervisor pushes employee performance by constantly checking their work, reminding them of their deadlines, and threatens to put their unknown failures on the company notice board. Which of the following forms of influence is this supervisor using

Which of the following is an example of the influence tactic of forming coalitions

The norm of reciprocity is a central and explicit theme in strategies

Employees are more likely to comply with a supervisor's legitimate power when the

Employees have , ranging from sarcasm to ostracism, to ensure that coworkers conform to team norms

People with high Machiavellian values tend to

Ingratiation is part of a larger influence tactic known as .

Conflict is ultimately based on

Which of the following produce the highest risk of conflict

According to the literature on organizational conflict, constructive conflict

(blank) are employees who coordinate the activities of differentiated work units toward the completion of a common task

Which of the following interpersonal conflict management styles represents a purely win­win orientation

Which of the following conflict management styles is associated with low cooperativeness and low assertiveness

Effective managers should

What is the relationship between emotional intelligence and relationship conflicts

The yielding conflict management style should be used if

Which of the following immediately follows conflict perceptions and emotions in the conflict process model

Increasing inventories between sequential work units tends to reduce potential conflict by

Which of the following is a major advantage of having moderate levels of organizational conflicts?

Which of the following factors leads to relational conflicts in teams

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Successful leaders have a positive self­evaluation, including high self­esteem, self­ efficacy, and internal locus of control. This refers to the leaders' .

Telling, selling, participating, and delegating represent the four leadership styles identified in

Which of the following refers to "walking the talk"?

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership has made an important and lasting contribution to the study of leadership because it:

Which of the following leadership styles should be used by leaders when team cohesiveness is low?

Leadership prototypes refer to

According to the behavioral perspective of leadership, includes defining and structuring work roles, clarifying employees' work duties and procedures, and pushing employees to reach their performance capacity.

Transformational leaders

Sanco Systems uses performance­based reward systems across various departments to keep employees directed toward organizational goals. The management at Sanco Systems believes that these rewards might replace or reduce the need for task­oriented leadership. Which of the following leadership theories supports this action?

Which of the following statements about emotional intelligence and leadership is true

Which of the following clusters of leadership behaviors are identified by the behavioral perspective of leadership

Charisma refers to

Team­based organizational structures are usually found

A divisionalized structure is recommended mainly for

Creative Advertising Corp. wants its 100 employees to work together around specific clients yet maintain an equal emphasis on alignment with their skill specializations (advertising, graphics, copywriting and public relations). Which of the following organizational structures would work best for Creative Advertising Corp.

Communication flows in all directions with little concern for the formal hierarchy in a(n) , but this structure is costly to maintain due to the need for ongoing interpersonal skill training

(blank) is the degree to which organizations standardize behavior through rules, procedures, formal training, and related mechanisms

As organizations grow older, they tend to

When work activities are too complex to standardize through procedures or goals, companies often coordinate work effort

Dividing work into more specialized jobs

A wider span of control is possible if

Which of the following is typically most important among people working in hospital surgical operations

Many of the best­performing production plants are able to widen their span of control to more than 70 employees per supervisor by

Formalization in organizational structures tends to

The structure tends to duplicate resources, such as production equipment and engineering or information technology expertise

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The best way to determine an organization's shared assumptions is to

Which of the following statements about the strength of organizational culture and organizational performance is true?

When merging two organizations, a separation strategy is most commonly applied when

The main purpose of a bicultural audit is to

Language is

A deculturation strategy of merging two corporate cultures should be applied

Organizational socialization is best described as a process of where newcomers try to make sense of and adapt to the company's environment

Which of the following is true about mental models

During which of the following stages of socialization do people first learn about the organization and job

Which of these statements about shared assumptions is true

The three stages of organizational socialization, in order, are

A(n) is a system whereby newcomers are assigned to coworkers for sources of information and social support

Unfreezing refers to

Which of the following is true about organizational change

Which of the following statements is true concerning Lewin's Force Field model in the context of changes in other cultures

Which of the following types of resistance to change is a strategy to "prove" that the decision is wrong or that the change agent is incompetent

A parallel learning structure

ABC Corp selected employees from across the organization to find new ways to serve its customers. The team operated independently of the main organization and experimented with new service delivery approaches. This team is most similar to

Action research is

One way that communication minimizes resistance to change is by

Which model of organization change explicitly refers to unfreezing the current situation and refreezing the desired state

One reason the CEO's idea of using an appreciative inquiry approach might be successful is that this approach takes the organization from "what is" to ultimately

Increasing the restraining forces and reducing or removing the driving forces would

(blank) tries to break out of the problem­solving mentality of traditional change management practices by reframing relationships around the positive and the possible

According to the action research model, the before diagnosing the need for change